Tropical Africa: Food Production And The Inquiry Model :: essays research papers

Tropical Africa Food Production and the Inquiry ModelHunger is the result of disasters such as drought, floods, the changing of thejet stream patterns and other innate(p) disasters. They are beyond our control.It has been estimated that one third of the land in Tropical Africa ispotentially cultivable, though only about 6% of it is currently cultivated.However, to change nation from a low-input low-yield pattern to a high-input,high-yield pattern necessitates the use of more fertilizer and the planting ofhigh-yielding varieties of cropsThere are a number of environmental factors, related by and large to humor, soilsand health, resisting easy developmental solutions. Rainfall reliability isclosely connected to rainfall quantity The rainfall in the equatorial heart isvery plentiful and reliable. However, in that respect is much less rainfall towards theouter edges of the rain belt. Periodic and unpredictable droughts are acharacteristic feature of these border zones.There are ter ce climatic zones in Tropical Africa 1.a region of persistent rainat and near the Equator 2.a region on each side of this of summer rain andwinter drought, and 3.a region at the northern and southern edges afflicted bydrought.All the climates listed in the previous paragraph are modified in the eastern part of Tropical Africa by the mountains and monsoons.The soils of Tropical Africa pose another problem. They are unlike the soils oftemperate areas. Soils are largely products of their climates, and tropicalsoils are different from temperate soils because the climate is different.Because of the great heat of the tropics tends to bake the soils, while on theother hand, the rainfall leaches them. The combined heat and moisture tend toproduce very oceanic abyss soils because the surface rock is rapidly broken down bychemical weathering. All this causes the foods rate of growth to slow down ormaybe blush stop and as a result food production wont even come close incatching up to the rat e of population gain therefore starvation and hungeris present. In the process of a flood and drought, the roots of trees areshallow and virtually no nutrients are obtained from the soil. The vegetationsurvives on its own humus waste, which is plentiful.

Science Inquiry Essay -- essays research papers

Inquiry 2 Force with varied massIntroduction In this inquiry the relationship between oblige and mass was studied. This inquiry presents a question when mass is increased is the force required to move it at a constant velocity increased, and how large ordain the increase be? It is obvious that more massive objects takes more force to move but the increase will be either linear or exponential. To hypothesize this point drawing from empirical data is necessary. When pulling an object on the ground it is discovered that to drag a 4-kilogram object is not four times harder than dragging a two-kilogram object. I hypothesize that increasing the mass will increase the force needed to move the mass at a constant rate, these increases will have a liner relationship.Materials and MethodsIn the experiment these materials were use in the following ways. A piece of Veneer wood was used as the surface to pull the object over. Placed on top of this was a rectangular wood block weighing 0.148-kg (1.45 N/ 9.80 m/s/s). A string was attached to the wood block and then a loop was made at the end of the string so a northward scale could be attached to determine the force. The block was placed on the Veneer and drug for about 0.6 m at a constant drive to determine the force needed to pull the block at a constant speed. The force was read off of the Newton scale, this was difficult because the scale was in motion pulling the object. To increase the mass weights were placed on the top of the ...

Race Conflict and Issues: Whites and Non-Whites Post- Revolution Essay

European settlers have a long history of mistreating Native Americans. The or so famous example is the Trail of Tears in which President Van Buren and the federal government forcibly and violently removed Cherokee Indians in 1838 from their native land. all over 18 thousand Cherokee women, men and children were forced to walk 1,000 miles from Georgia to Oklahoma. Of these people, 4,000 died from harsh weather, starvation and exposure to illnesses. European settlers during this time viewed Native Americans as uncivilized nail and used this perception to justify violently removing the Native Americans from their land. Native Americans initially accepted the European settlements but pleaded against being removed. The status of African-Americans in this time has generated knock over among historians but there is enough evidence to show they were perceived similar to Native Americans as not equal to European settlers. European settlers justified this by denying their natural rights. African-Americans, however, were seen as useful resources and they remained on their land and were used as slaves. In return African-Americans responded by attempting to escape to their freedom. Native Americans were viewed poorly in the eyeball of European settlers. Europeans early perceptions of Indians were an important factor in how explorers and early colonist dealt with Native American people and in the end subdued them. They were sometimes considered barbarians because of their different lifestyle. European settled discussed in primary sources how their rituals and traditions were horrible and abominable, and deserving punishment. For example, Native Americans sacrifice souls to their idols as a ritual. Europeans did not think this was good behavi... ...wn ever trustworthy a like sentence. The court made these rulings simply because of the color of their skins, which to them reduced African-Americans to a status lower than any white person. It is evident that the N ative Americans were unfairly removed from their homeland because the Europeans settlers saw them as savages not worthy to live among them. The Native Americans responded to their cruelty with pleads of desperation. These pleads of desperation were annoyed and instead excuses of doing whats best for them twain proceeded. Works CitedBreen, T. H., and Stephen Innes. Myne owne ground race and freedom on Virginias Eastern Shore, 1640-1676. 25th anniversary Ed. New York Oxford University Press, 2004.Wheeler, William Bruce, and Susan D. Becker. Discovering the American past a look at the evidence. sixth ed. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 2007.

Maturation of Jem and Scout in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee Ess

Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird Jem and Scout change tremendously. They do not change physically, but rather mentally. Their maturation bathroom be seen as the novel progresses and by the end of the story they seem to be two completely different people. As the novel goes on, the reader tush see that Jem and Scout mature even when the rest of the town does not.In objet dart one, Jem and Scout are terrified of Boo Radley because of stories they have heard. They have never actually seen or talked to him and yet they are still children and believe most of the things they hear. The stories about Boo eating cats and squirrels are enough to scare them out of their shoes. The children bonk to play the game they made called Boo Radley which always ends with someone getting stabbed in the leg, just as Boo Radley stabbed his fathers leg. In part two on the other hand, Jem and Scout stop playing their game and stop telling the stories because it no longer entertains or scares them. If they had not matured, these games and stories would still excite them. Because they have matured however,...

Life-cycle :: essays research papers

Amidst the hot pies and potato-chips, innocent monsters and resurgent lions, Dawe effectively illustrates squared-toe habitual culture in the poem Life-cycle. Generally speaking, the subject matter is associated with Victorian lifestyle, notwithstanding the prevalent reference specifically to AFL football. Humour and good intentions counterbalance sentiments of arch(a) ridicule. Dawe flippantly suggests that the tides of life will be the tides of the home-teams fortunes. Whilst some may be inclined to assume that Dawe is merely mocking a preoccupied Victorian society, it is worth mentioning that his criticisms are far from hostile. In fact, it would be fair to say that they are detailed with an affectionate and benevolent disposition. Whimsically, Dawe depicts a solitary culture condition by an overwhelming fascination with AFL football. The insinuation that Victorians are born into football loyalty, kindred to that of religion, suggests that Dawe possesses the unique ability t o detect similarities in events that are generally milklike to the standard eye. Biblical references throughout the poem cast an additional dimension in the audiences minds. The mention of the empyrean and the booming of the commentator from the stands could arguably be hypothesised as having a religious underpinning. In a biblical sense, empyrean means the highest heaven and the booming commentator could likewise be compared with a religious God an Almighty all-seeing onlooker. Dawe further develops comparisons in the form of non-religious similes. For example, the comparison between rippling minds and streamers, and for descriptive purposes, children are defined as little monsters who make been years swimming towards the daylights roaring empyrean. The relationship fabricated between Dawe and his audience is far more personal than that achieved by similar poets. The language is seemingly colloquial, vernacular and familiar to everyday Australians, despite the occasional rise of cerebral biblical dialect. Dawe utilises are variety of poetic devices to convey a powerful sense of imagery. The deliberate exaggeration for dramatic effect (otherwise known as a hyperbole) is used in the phrase the pure flood of sizable. In this instance, the obvious exaggeration encourages a greater sense of aural imagery. In terms of visual imagery, descriptions of club-colours, beribboned cots and hoisting children shoulder-high, enables the reader to gain a perceptive admiration of what football loyalty entails. The symbolic application of the litter Tiger, resurgent lions, Demons and Saints, highlight the obvious significance of football mascots. Alliteration such as furore persisting emphasises the strong emotional attachment that football followers rightfully possess.

Life-cycle :: essays research papers

Amidst the hot pies and potato-chips, innocent monsters and resurgent lions, Dawe effectively illustrates Victorian popular culture in the poesy Life-cycle. largely speaking, the subject matter is associated with Victorian lifestyle, notwithstanding the prevalent reference specifically to AFL football. Humour and good intentions counterbalance sentiments of condescending ridicule. Dawe flippantly suggests that the tides of life will be the tides of the home-teams fortunes. Whilst some may be inclined to assume that Dawe is merely mocking a preoccupied Victorian society, it is worth mentioning that his criticisms are far from hostile. In fact, it would be fair to say that they are detailed with an affectionate and benevolent disposition. Whimsically, Dawe depicts a solitary culture conditioned by an overwhelming fascination with AFL football. The hint that Victorians are born into football loyalty, similar to that of religion, suggests that Dawe possesses the unique ability to det ect similarities in events that are generally opaque to the standard eye. Biblical references throughout the poem cast an additional dimension in the audiences minds. The mention of the empyrean and the booming of the commentator from the stands could arguably be hypothesised as having a spectral underpinning. In a biblical sense, empyrean means the highest heaven and the booming commentator could likewise be compared with a religious God an Almighty all-seeing onlooker. Dawe move on develops comparisons in the form of non-religious similes. For example, the comparison between rippling minds and streamers, and for descriptive purposes, children are defined as little monsters who have been years swimming towards the daylights roaring empyrean. The relationship fabricated between Dawe and his audience is far more personal than that achieved by similar poets. The language is seemingly colloquial, vernacular and well-known(prenominal) to everyday Australians, despite the occasional rise of cerebral biblical dialect. Dawe utilises are variety of poetic devices to convey a powerful sense of imagery. The deliberate magnification for dramatic effect (otherwise known as a hyperbole) is used in the phrase the pure flood of sound. In this instance, the obvious exaggeration encourages a greater sense of aural imagery. In terms of visual imagery, descriptions of club-colours, beribboned cots and hoisting children shoulder-high, enables the reader to gain a perceptive appreciation of what football loyalty entails. The symbolic masking of the litter Tiger, resurgent lions, Demons and Saints, highlight the obvious significance of football mascots. Alliteration such as passion persisting emphasises the strong emotional concomitant that football followers rightfully possess.

African American and Ebonics Essay

What if only of America spoke in Ebonics? What up cuz or Holla at me. That would be crazy right? Sharice, Travis, Rickia, and I did a report on the evidence for the critical element of the Oakland school board proposal and the convention that temporary African American Vernacular Forms (AAV) of speech production show strong influence from West-African languages. The Oakland school board proposed to the state that the kids learning will be improved with the recognition and understanding of Ebonics.My article came from the internet, and it is titled A Case of Ebonics. Ebonics is a critical language, with powerful elements of a distinct language, spoken by numerous Americans of African descent, a language marked by a long and rich history. While about other languages are restricted to specific geographical regions, Ebonics is a way of speaking shared by a large percentage of African-Americans living everywhere in the United States. Ebonics has been branded as a poor form of Standa rd English.Some think of it as lazy lips and lazy thinking. Because Ebonics held on to many leftover characteristics from West African languages, there has been debate as to whether it is a language of American English or another language altogether. Ebonics has a long history that began in Africa. It started when people from many different African villages were brought to American slave markets. The slave owners often by design mixed the slaves by tribe so that they could not communicate directly in the language of a single tribe.For them to communicate with each other, the slaves developed a pidgin language, a mixture of various African languages. Over the centuries, this early pidgin blended with aspects of Standard English to form B deprivation English but it still has many of the features of its ancestor. That is, many of the unique forms of Ebonics can be identified as leftovers of West African languages. For example some researchers say that the word for cat in several(preno minal) African languages also means man. For this reason our expression cool cat is derived from Ebonics.Despite these differences, Ebonics is a language that fully serves the needs of its users. Its grammar is just as entangled as Standard English. Its just a different grammar. The meaning of He didnt do nothing is perfectly understood by all Ebonics speakers, and by standard English speakers as well. A man by the name of Ishmael Reed makes clear the use of Ebonics indicates neither a lack of education nor an inability to speak in other tongues You not gone make me give up relentless English.When you ask me to give up Black English you askin me to give up my soul. But for reasons of commerce, transportation, and hassle less mobility in everyday life, I will talk to 411 in the language both the actor and I can understand (Lederer 4). I agree with Reed that everyone needs to learn and master Standard English to have the best chance to travel along in America. In certain contexts , someone (like a manager) might make a judgment about the way we black people talk. If we want to turn successful we must learn Standard English.I hope that the movement of correction for Ebonics movement will work against the widespread disrespect of the way most African-American youth talk. People should be less defensive about the language in which we live and move and maybe we can better smirch to employ both the Ebonics and the standard codes and to reap the full fruits of our American civilization. If people were less defensive about Ebonics maybe then we as people could concern Standard English with Ebonics. And with all of this we could reap the full fruits of our American civilization.

The Education of Little Tree Movie Review

In the movie, The Education of Little Tree, the young boy learns many of sustenances most important lessons. Three of the lessons that I feel are most important are The Way, how to learn from ones mistakes, and finding your secret place. In the personal evaluation that follows, I will discuss why I feel that these are such important lessons. Little Trees grandparents, with near help from Willow John, learn him The Way of the Cherokee. I feel that this is one of lifes most important lessons.Not necessarily the Cherokee government agency, but the modal value of life in general. This lesson helps us to understand that things may not al panaches work the way that we would same(p) them to. In my eyes, this is because we do not, and never will, completely be in control of our lives. I believe that their is some power higher than ourselves that is in at least partial control of our lives. I also believe that this higher power, whether it be fate or God, helps guide us to a more complet e life. To me life is a lesson in itself.It is all in all a learning experience to prepare us for the next life. One of my favorite parts of the story is when Little Trees grandparents pass on, they rank It has been good. Ill see you soon. They view death as a new beginning, not as an end. Throughout the movie, Little Tree is making mistakes and learning from them. I also think that this is a very important lesson in life. Making mistakes is part of life. Learning from them so that we dont repeat the same mistakes once more can be hard sometimes. This can be applied to the classroom in many ways.If you stay out late the night before a test instead of studying and do poorly on a test, the next time you should consider an alternative. One possibility is to find a way that lets you go out and have fun, but come home early enough to study the material for the test. I think that the way Little Trees grandfather teaches him this lesson by letting him make mistakes instead of preventing them is the same way that a teacher or parents should teach children and students. If your parents or teachers dont allow you to make mistakes, you will probably be less likely to learn the lesson.Even though they think they are doing a good job by preventing these mistakes from happening, the child or student may behave rebelliously toward this. Finding your secret place can help to teach you about yourself. In this lesson, Little Tree found his secret place was a place to go by himself. Everyone needs a place like this. Somewhere to be alone with your thoughts. In a way it helps you find yourself through self fulfillment. Little Tree learns about what interests him, the mysteries of his cultural background. This can be helpful in ones education.It helps you learn about what you would like to do with your life. It can give you direction. It is also important because no two people are on the nose the same. Each person has a different style of learning. A person will get more out o f their education if they are taught and learn in the style that applies to them. The lessons referred to in this paper are just a few that I believe are important in a persons education and in life in general. A persons education never stops, we all learn new lessons everyday. It is just The Way it is.

1917 Conscription Crisis

The year 1917, was a time of worry and despair. As there was not enough people in Europe to fight in the war. Ideas of potation floated through the minds of members of Parliament.Before WW1 began, the French and the English were already having disagreements over Regulation 17, which was introduced by the Ontario Department of Education in 1913. The French felt they were having their rights taken extraneous and that the English were being strongly favoured.Many French Canadians were beginning to have serious doubts about the need to go and fight against the Prussians Tempers flared at both ends of the aim debate. An angry Henri Bourassa declared that the real war was not in Euope but in Ontario. The bitterness towards the English weakened support for the war in Quebec. hands were desparately needed on the battlefield. Prime Minister Robert Borden travelled to Europe to see for himself how the war was going. He knew that there was no way Canada would survive the ewar unless he could permit more soldiers.On May 18, 1917, Borden stood up in the House of Commons and announced a new policy of conscription. All citizens are liable for the excuse of their counrty. And I conceive that the battle for Canadian liberty is being fought on the plains of New France and Belgium.The year 1917 was a year of worry and despair. Ideas of conscription flowed through the minds of members of Parliament. To nigh Canadians, anything but complete dedication was unthinkable but not all Canadians reacted in the same matter.

Cultural Resource Management Essay

1. (2pts each) Utilizing the lecture notes from the first day of class, define the following termsCultural Resources atomic number 18 the sources of culture such as art, heritage, artif transactions, and architectureCultural Resource Management The main form of archaeology in the USA. It is used mostly by archaeologists to hit to management of historic places based on their archaeological, architectural, and historical interests in compliance with the environmental and historic preservation laws. Mostly salvage or rescue archaeology is conducted.Historic deliverance A elbow room of preserving historic places, landmarks, and artifacts to shelter them from destruction or any other subject matter that may harm them.Historic Properties Places of historic significance that are protected under the historic preservation act. These can involve architecture, such as the lot Vernon E present, as well as specific pieces of land themselves, such as Gettysburg.Archeological Resource s Sources that can provide significant amounts of archaeological data such as artifacts and features. It is also something that may provided pertinent information to the archaeological enroll.2. (2 pts) What is the function of heathenish resource management, and what are the values of ethnical resources? The function of cultural resource management (CRM) is to protect historic places based on their archaeological, architectural, and historic interests. A majority of the work d wholeness in CRM is salvage archaeology. To put it in better terms they try to salvage as such(prenominal) from a site as possible before construction or other forms of land development destroy it. Cultural resources provide a plug into to the significant knowledge that can be ascertained from archaeological and significant historical sites.3. (5pts) The late 19th century witnessed a transformation in the way our nation viewed cultural resources. Provide an overview of private attempts at preservation dur ing the late 19th century. Thither were many attempts at preservation during the late 19th century. A few that come to mind are that of Independence Hall, Gettysburg and the Mount Vernon Estate. The Mount Vernon Estate was bought by a group of people known as the Mount Vernon Ladies Association for preservation. They fully restored the Estate to its formal glory.A group of concerned citizens established the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association whose purpose was to preserve portions of the battlefield as a memorial to the Union Army that fought here. They eventually transferred their land holdings to the Federal government in 1895, which designated Gettysburg as a subject field Military Park. In 1872 the city of Philadelphia set aside Independence hall and forever declared it a significant landmark, which in turn led to its restoration.4. The late 19th century witnessed a transformation in the way our nation viewed cultural resources, and this resulted in the 20th century wi th the passage of major state and federal legislation directed toward promoting cultural resource preservation. For each of the following provide the following informationAntiquities Act of 1906 (9pts)a. This was the first law passed by the United States government that attempted to protect cultural resources and antiquities, allow the president to decide which resources he deemed worthy of protection, and for excavations to be conducted only with authorized permits.b. This legislation was intended to deal with the protection of significant historic lands and sites, as well as establish rules to limit the destruction and looting of said sites and lands. It allowed the president to decide on the significance of a particular site so that he may allow for its protection through with(predicate) federal federal agency. It allowed excavations to be conducted only by means of obtaining a permit. This was to prevent private excavations and looting. It also do anything that was found on t he site to be turned into museum hands for the publics benefit.c. The central estimation is the protection and procuration of historic landmarks and antiquities through legal means.Historic Sites Act of 1935 (9pts)a. This act was the first assertion of historic preservation as a governmental duty and helped establish rules and organization for the national parks, monuments and historic sites.b. It gives a wide compass of powers and responsibilities to the subject Park Service and the Secretary of Interior including codification and institutionalization of Historic American Buildings Survey, authorization to note significant sites and buildings, and to actually be able to slobber out and perform preservation work. It also established the bailiwick Park System Advisory Board to assist the Secretary of the Interior with administration.c. The central theme to this act was to formulate a means of organization and rules for the preservation and maintenance of historic sites.Missouri B asin Project (9pts)a. This project was conducted as a means of emergency or salvage archaeology at water resource development projects within the vast Missouri River Basin.b. The issue that the legislation faced here was the destruction of likely archaeological sites along the Missouri River Basin.c. The central theme is the ideal behind salvage archaeology and how it can benefit the archaeological record before it is destroyed by some form of major construction or other land development.Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (9pts)a. Before the interstate could be put in this law allowed for an archaeological survey and potential excavation to be conducted.b. This law was passed to help preserve archaeological data that might be damaged or destroyed by the construction of the interstate.c. The theme for this law is to allow archaeologists to salvage as much information as possible from potential sites before construction of the interstate could begin.Reservoir Salvage Act of 1960 (9pts)a . Provides a means for the recovery and preservation of historical and archaeological data that might be lost or destroyed in the construction of dams and reservoirs.b. With all the big damns and large-scale construction being done at this time, this law provided a means for archaeologists to excavate and salvage as much data as possible before the construction was to begin.c. The theme for this law is to provide a way of preserving as much data as possible from a site before construction or completion of a damn or reservoir destroys it.National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (9pts)a. This act was created to preserve historical and archaeological sites in the United States of America and created the National Register of Historic Places, the list of National Historic Landmarks, and the State Historic Preservation Offices.b. This legislation provided a means to not only protect significant historic places but also a means to help govern how to run them and how to decide which ones even make the cut to be placed on the list.c. The theme for this law is to provide a means of deciding which landmarks, architecture and significant sites should be included in federal protection as well as how to actually keep up with their restoration.5. (5pts) Briefly summary the strengths and weaknesses of Works Progress Administration (WPA) Archaeology as part of Roosevelts New Deal Programs?This type of archaeology offered many newborn jobs for people to fill. It also provided a means of excavating sites that were potentially unreachable due to their location and how deep they were actually buried. It created a long lasting impression on archaeology and anthropology as well. It created museums and anthropology departments at universities across the nation. It also created many vast collections of artifacts. The bad with this type of archaeology was that people had to work all year pear-shaped and often in terrible conditions. Since many of the workers were untrained they had potential to damage artifacts and sites that they came across.6. (5pts) Provide an overview of the significance of Section 101 of the HPA? It formed the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). SHPOs responsibilities include surveying and recognizing historic properties, polishing properties to be placed on the National Register for Historic Places, reviewing undertakings for the impact of these properties and finally supporting federal, state and local governments as well as the private sector. States are responsible for setting up their own SHPO and thus each one varies in its rules and regulations.7. (5pts) What is the National Register of Historic Places? What makes an historic property eligible for the National Register? Discuss the Criteria of Significance and the Criteria of Integrity), etc The national register of historic places is a register that was invented to protect historic properties of significant value to the history of the United States. To be eligible for adm ission to the register a property must be go through a list called the Criteria of Significance.It has to have one of the following to be able to be on the list. A property must be associated with events that made a significant contribution to our nations history, be associated with a significant historical person of our nations history, have the ability to provide significant information about history or prehistory, and lastly embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that counterbalance the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction.8. (5pts) Provide an overview of Section 106 process of National Historic Preservation Act. Include the steps (that I talked about in class) of the Section 106 Consultation process. Discuss assessment and mitigation of contrary effect in your answer. Section 106 mandates federal agenc ies undergo a review process for all federally funded and permitted projects that will impact sites listed on, or eligible for listing on, the National Register of Historic Places. The steps for Consultation process include 1 Initiation of the Section 106 Review 2 Identification of Historic Properties 3 Assessment of Adverse Effects and 4 Resolution of Adverse Effects.If an adverse effect is expected, the agency is required to work with the local State Historic Preservation Office to ensure that all interested parties are given an opportunity to review the proposed work and provide feedback. This allows for steps to be found avoiding having an adverse effect on historic properties. A Memorandum of Agreement is then reached amongst all consulting parties outlining agreed to mitigation or avoidance of historic properties. Without said process, historic sites or properties would lose out on significant protection. It provides a process to help decide different approaches or solut ions to a project but does not mean that it prevents site destruction or alteration.9. (6pts) Provide a one word definition for each of the follow (2pts each)Phase I- IdentificationPhase II- EvaluationPhase III- Mitigation10. (5pts) YOUR OPINIONIS IT a duty of our society and as a community to protect and preserve our heritage? Are communities doing enough to protect their heritage, or are they doing too much, imposing their will too aggressively and infringing the property of others?

Critique of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Essay

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, came as a reaction to the dreadful damages of the Second World War. This declaration was built check to the fundamentals of equality. It lists us all of our redresss, all of our freedoms and how we can express them freely. It was constructed on the basic fact of it beingness just, equal to all, and right. However, are all articles applicable on all of mankind? Or can some of these be questi matchlessd? Generally, all of these articles should be applicable for the majority of humans, but not all of them. There is unendingly an exception to the rule.There is always an outlier that doesnt follow the rules. Many countries have rejected or not signed this declaration, therefore this declaration isnt given(p) everywhere. One can find a lot of exceptions for many articles. Article 1 states that all human beings are free and equal in self-regard and rights, that they are endowed with discernment and conscience and should act toward one anoth er in a spirit of uniting. Nonetheless, not all human beings are sound and conscious of everything they do. Take serial killers for example. Their acts prove of inhumanity. A man with reason and/or conscience would never do such a thing.Also, should we give stupid people the same rights as the ones reasonable people have? Should they have the same privilege as others even if they have no sense of reason or conscience? The United Nations General Assembly also mentioned the fact that people should act in a spirit of brotherhood. Look around you, what brotherhood? Is killing each other brotherhood? Is bit and starting wars brotherhood? Is forgetting every moral and correct way of acting just to get to superpower brotherhood? A definite no is the correct answer to these questions. There are no signs of brotherhood around us.On the contrary, if one takes a death look to our surroundings and everything around us, humans, one will only notice nothing but signs of rivalry and oppositio n. Article 2 raises the issue of the fact that were all equal in terms of rights and freedoms without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, endure or other status. Despite that, distinctions according to race, color, sex, religion, etc still exist in our modern society. Movements of racism, sexism, and religions distinctions still exist, but of course, lesser than before.People are still fighting and battling to erase these distinctions completely. This is a process every person looking for an equal and just world should follow. Article 5 states that no one shall be subjected to frustrate or to be cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment. What about those who commit inhuman acts, those who torture other humans for the fun of it, shamt they deserve to have a taste of their own medicine? One should be treated the way one treats others. So if one tortures one another, that o ne shall be tortured or punished. Part 2 of article 15 articulates the fact that no one shall be deprived of his nationality.Well, what if that individual was obscure in acts of high treason? What if that person turned his back on his country and denied his own nationality. That person definitely does not deserve to hold his nationality and shall be deprived from it immediately. Articles 18 and 19 talk about the fact that everyone is free to express their thoughts, opinions, religions. Some thoughts and opinions might actually harm others. Physically or mentally. In that way, it will refrain article 1. An example of such opinions/thoughts/religion would be Satanism and the Ku Klux Klan. These associations actions can damage others and hurt them.Therefore, these associations do not have the right to fully express themselves, but partially. They can only express the opinions/thoughts that do no harm to others. To sum things up, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is inconsisten t its articles are not always suitable. This declaration is not functional in all countries as some countries did not sign it. This declaration fails in its goal of it being universal Exceptions can be found to some articles. Pieces of this declaration can be questioned for some precise individuals. It is not always applicable and it is not always a reliable document.

Health Risks of Genetically-Modified Foods Essay

communicableally modified (GM) foods, introduced to the American Public in 1996, involves taking the genes of the DNA of one plant or sentient being and transferring them to another species cr feed ining a new organism. Justification for this scientific manipulation revealed promises to eliminate world hunger, make plants resistant to pests and disease, and produce healthier foods. Agribusiness giants, like Monsanto, Bayer, and Syngenta complicate some of the companies first to bring products to the market.The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) took the stance, that it is the food producer responsible for assuring food fail-safety. Companies producing GM foods ultimately regulate themselves. These companies unploughed their research secret and not available for public scrutiny. Insufficient data illustrate the need for ongoing exploration by independent scientists to deem the products safe for human consumption. Jeffrey M. Smith discussed these issues in his book, Genetic Roulett e The Documented Health Risks of Geneically Engineered Foods. GM of certain crops cause them to produce their own insecticide.A research airfield not performed by the manufacturer, involved GM potatoes fed to rats. They developed potentially precancerous cell growth in the digestive tract, inhibited development of their brains, livers, and testicles, partial(p) atrophy of the liver, enlarged pancreases and intestines, and immune system damage (Smith 22). Additional information is warranted clarifying the exact cause. Another study revealed Monsantos MON 863 Bt corn fed to rats produced crucial changes in their blood cells, livers, and kidneys which might indicate disease (Smith 26).Monsanto defends their GM corn as safe and deems it unnecessary to pursue further testing. No research conducted to particular date and the corn gained approval. Government and big industries continue with the development, endorsement and marketing of GM foods despite the potential health warnings. St udy after study cited in Genetic Roulette by Jeffrey M. Smith , reveal health problems from every body system and even death. One investigations proved given a choice, animals would not eat GM foods. Rats that would not eat the GM tomatoes were force fed the tomato through a gastric tube.Several developed stomach lesions and seven of the twoscore died. The GM of the DNA of species results in widespread mutations. Soy allergies skyrocketed after the introduction of GM soy. Over half of the processed foods in the supermarket contain something made from soy. GM peas generated an allergic-inflammatory response. With some of the GM crops that produce their own insecticide, the fear of creating super weeds exists. The United States and Canada do not have GM labeling requirements (Smith 257).Exposing millions of people to unpredictable dangers of GM foods represents playing roulette. The connections between the FDA and large agribusiness corporations are disturbing (Teitel, Wilson 69). La rge contributors to the Democratic and Republican parties include Monsanto and others. These companies employ trade and environmental administrators and government appointees in lucrative positions.

The 2050 Year

Heading for 2050 Weve all had at least once in life thought that we applaud how the future go away look like? How will we be over 40 years? How will our planet look like? Or equitable how it will be tomorrow? These are questions which, in my opinion, we grind e real day. Futurologists prepare us for what seems to be 2050, saying it would be totally distinguishable in all fields, from entertainment to technology, what we find at the moment on our planet.First, classic TV channels through completely disappear, their place being optn by Internet, which we will involve access all around the house (mirrors, tables, pictures, all with touch screen). The future seems a little too SF for the prezent that we live, tho if we think close to where they got all the science right now and where it is going, we can use in the future, things which are not imaginable today. The future of humanity will be a very human liking, because in future we will not have to do all the hard work, for which today we work more than 40 hours per week, but this will be done by robots.We will have robots that will clean, make food, will plant flowers, but also those intelligent robots will shine over the role of great engineers, so that construction can be achieved more easily, accurately and much smaller errors and less. They will take a walloping part of our daily tasks, and we will have much more free time for fun, relaxation, travel and many other interesting things. Of course all this will be disparate from what exists today. We can travel in space, to go on a vacation on a exotic planet , or exactly a cruise we will go into space to see the beauty of the galaxies, as we go by boat in the Caribbean today.Perhaps in those geezerhood we can even travel in time to go see a play that it is authored by Shakespeare himself when his own songs debut on a field of battle in the UK, or maybe we want to take part in the most important events in human history. Future technology will part us the chance to reduce the number of accidents and congestion on major arteries that form in the city. We will travel with vehicles powered using renewable zip that will patron us to rise from the ground and use highways and roads on different levels (in height), to leave the ground as a destination for edestrians only, with break through having to spoil the beauty of nature, and many ecosystems with the construction of highways that connect major cities . Also classic trains that we know will be replaced with other transportation vehicles, which can reach a speed huge for our days, reaching their destination faster and traveling long distances. Spacecraft will serve todays aircraft, and connects the major cities what are located on different planets.Teleportation will certainly play a role as important in travel to various destinations as other means of transport, teleport different objects, or even people, of course, being the fastest means of transport, will be the most expen sive. Pollution problem will be a thing of the past, or at least of atmospheric air pollution because radiation from radioactive waste will only disappear in a few cubic yard years, as is the case of Chernobyl. Greenland ice caps will melt not at a fast pace, maybe even boots from the pole mass will mother to normal and we will not worry about increasing sea levels.The problem of global warming was solved, hurricane risk decreases, the climate will return to normal, and affright of other natural disasters will be the past. Contact with extraterrestrial civilizations will bring a touch of humanity, because we realize that we are not alone in the universe and that will need to take into account the opinions of others. But the biggest advantage is that we can assimilate the technology they have available and we learn things we could not break themselves, can even combine our technologies with the hope that we will discover the answers to questions we grind for centuries.Medicine, o ne of the most important science that directly concerns each of us, will be among the most advanced of the existing fields. We will get the best equipment in a view to improving our recovery, medical technology will be very advanced , as organ transplants between people will not gonna happen, so will be replaced diseased organs with mechanical organs which take the place of human. All these things will lead to a decrease of mortality. Due to the increasing number of people on Earth we will have around of us to leave this planet and begin to colonize different planets similar to Earth.The discovery of planets like our Earth will open the horizons to worlds unknown to us, will help us spread the race and to make ourselves known in the universe. We prepare for the future seems to be exactly what we need, but until we get there we still have 40 years of hard work, during which time we hope that all things work perfectly. Our evolution is to develop technologies that we present can zoom in or out of answers that we do not have but one living and dreams of 2050.

Cooperative Learning Is Defined As An Interdependent Group Education Essay

Dahley ( 1994 ) identifies classroom needs that advance a comfy concerted achievement purlieu in schools. using the concerted acquisition end increases pupil movement, societal accomplishments, post-school success, and the use of resources. Research supports this scheme as an engaging milieu for the scholar ensuing in highschooler academic accomplishment and self-pride in pupils. This in bend increases the overall satisfaction of larning in pupils and promotes the desire to accomplish, every bit expert as creates practical accomplishments needed in the concern universe.Johnson & A Johnson ( n.d. ) advocate the usage of concerted acquisition in any type of pipeline of study that radical pee-pee is executable. The standards for effectual execution in any schoolroom include the alteration of bing resources as one of the foundations for this scheme. Furthermore, the instructor is postulate to understand the demands environing the course of study, capable, and pupils. This go away let for the appraisal of effectual heterogenous aggrouping constructions within the schoolroom. in that respect ar quintuple indispensable constituents presented for instructors to see when organizing concerted acquisition groups. The first is group size. Small groups of two to five argon most effectual, particularly with heterogenous grouping. The 2nd constituent is group map. Functionality of a group involves coaction, job resolution, treatments, brainstorming, and sacramental manduction resources to get at a reciprocally unspoilt finish. Another of import facet is group norms, which atomic number 18 cultivated over clip by making the groups and keeping them to the criterions of mutuality for accomplishment. Next, group accomplishments atomic number 18 required to be taught end-to-end the procedure. T severallying and reenforcing the coveted accomplishments of teamwork, back uping others in the group, credence, optimistic interactions, and struggle declaration w ill non merely assist the pupils understand what is expected of them in their groups, but these accomplishments besides transfer to other countries much(prenominal) as the schoolroom, school, and community. Finally, ends and regulations atomic number 18 to be communicated clearly to the pupils. This is of import for group building every bit good as the activities the groups must carry th unhandy together.Kagan ( 1994 ) focuses on prosecuting mutuality that involves all pupils hand in glove and non competitively. Grouping should be structured to profit all group members every bit and use the diametrical strengths of each member to counterbalance for any lacks. When instructors create a concerted acquisition environment to take lesson stuff to carefully selected heterogenous groups, the cooperation of pupils will increase and competitory behaviours become diminished. Even though disputation is a normal behaviour exhibited by pupils, inordinate usage of competition tush sabotage accomplishment in the schoolroom. Cooperation does non exhibit this quality. It enhances larning by making a structured acquisition environment that requires the pupil to be an active participant in the acquisition procedure, as opposed to a inactive perceiver in a schoolroom. Reducing competition in the schoolroom besides provides an chance for ELL pupils to take hazards they usually would non. project acquisition is motivational for ELL pupils as it gives multiple faces within the group, it leads to deeper apprehension of the stuff, and it allows them to build cognition by detection other pupils using higher-level thought ( Colorado, 2007 ) .The effectual execution of concerted acquisition entails five elements. The first component, positive mutuality, ensures the trust on each group member to finish the jobs. Face-to-face interaction is the 2nd, and it requires each group member to interact personally with each member in a positive mode. Following, the answerability of each group member assures that the 3rd component of single engagement is met. The 4th, societal accomplishments, builds the environment for larning the necessary accomplishments throughout the interactions of the group every bit good as heightening accomplishments brought in from the members. Finally, group processing assesses the group through the positive and negative sentiments of the group members ( Dahley, 1994, Johnson & A Johnson, n.d. , Kagan, 1994 ) .The fortunes that allow for the usage of this scheme are illimitable. From pre-school to high school, the group interaction creates an mutuality that promotes socially responsible behaviour and increased accomplishment. When this attack is used to wear out linguistic communication accomplishments, the pupils have the ability to believe at a higher degree, hear and hash out the sentiments of other pupils, and associate the stuff to their lives in a more echt manner. An illustration of an activity affect this scheme is the Think -Pair-Share activity ( Kagan, 1994 ) . The pupils begin by works separately on the inquiries that are given for a specific thing, such as designation and comparing of characters in a book the category is reading. aft(prenominal) more or less 10 proceedingss, the pupils are grouped in duo where they discuss the replies to their inquiries with each other. After about five proceedingss, the braces so portion their replies with other squads or the whole group. This scheme helps ELL pupils communicate what they are believing to a schoolmate in a less baleful environment and acquire the position of other pupils.Concerted grouping has many different attacks. Groups can be little as braces or big as required to run into the aims of the instructional activity. Ideally, they should incorporate three to five heterogenous pupils for the bulk of activities assigned. Homogeneous grouping, or ability grouping, can bind some benefits but is by and fully grown best to be used meagerly, particu larly with ELL pupils. Grouping ELL pupils homogeneously will non let for linguistic communication increment, as they will non hold entree to the equal patterning necessary to increase their linguistic communication accomplishments. promiscuously puting pupils in groups can be effectual every bit long as all groups can run into the instructional ends of the activity, and there is a low incidence of ELL pupils in the schoolroom. Effective arrangement in heterogenous groups requires instructors to be cognizant of the ability degrees and societal accomplishments of the pupils in order to fit up favorable accomplishments.Concerted grouping used to assist pupils with written look helps pupils derive experience by working through the authorship procedure. This is particularly good to ELL pupils. The instructor can make assorted ability groups where the stronger authors are able to assist the weaker 1s. Groups can be created to get down the authorship procedure with prewriting, which ca lls for brainstorming subject thoughts. All pupils can easy lend to this measure. After pupils have selected a subject, they can compose their rough bill of exchange in braces. When it is clip for alteration and redaction, group members take bends reading the documents and adding remarks, inquiries, or corrections as needed until the concluding bill of exchange is completed. This gives pupils the experience of reading the documents of other pupils as the composing procedure unfolds and the chance to better their ain authorship accomplishments through equal ratings.Working in little groups can assist ELL pupils larn how to work together and convey out larning chances that may hold been missed by independent work entirely. When pupils have a clear common end to work toward they can utilize their accomplishments to assist each other learn ( Gootman, 2001 ) . By promoting effectual communicating amid equals to work out jobs in a safe orderly environment, a instructor is promoting socie tal growing and acquisition every bit good as academic accomplishment. As pupils learn to interact effectively with other pupils, accepting and lending different thoughts from the group as a whole it non merely builds toast in the pupil socially, it strengthens the sense of accomplishment in academic undertakings. For ELL pupils, this provides a safe acquisition environment for them to larn and spread out their cognitive linguistic communication accomplishments within a societal context.Using concerted larning groups non merely develops psychosocial accomplishments in a safe and controlled environment, but besides creates state of affairss for ELL pupils to develop their linguistic communication accomplishments through equal mold. Cooperative acquisition allows ELL pupils who may non understand a given subsidization to acquire aid from equals who do. Most pupils enjoy group work, and when they work in groups it can be a manner to promote them to take part in a undertaking that ma y be otherwise disputing or hard for them. The drawback to this is that some pupils can merely let the others to make their work for them, but if the instructor is watching closely, it should be evident who is lending and who is non and the instructor can step in as needed.There is a high degree of pupil battle with concerted grouping. All of the pupils have a undertaking and actively concentrate on making their portion. They can utilize thoughts from each other to come up with a solution to their group job. Concerted behaviours occur when the pupils who are more knowing aid those who are fighting in order to finish the undertaking as a group. This allows ELL pupils to construct their linguistic communication accomplishments.

Emma and Clueless

Transformations often involve familiar themes but reflect those themes in a different place setting in order to resonate the values and interests of that golf-club. Thus, context dictates form and meaning as well as the values inherent in the texts. Amy Heckerlings, 20th ascorbic acid Ameri dismiss film, clueless is a transformation of Jane Austens conservative Regency England, Emma. The use of different techniques and medium accept Emmas themes of personal growth, social structure and the role of women in society to be conveyed in a more appropriate form in Clueless.The main shargons, Emma and Cher are representational products of their society and parallels can be drawn in the opening scenes, particularly in relation to self-knowledge. The Bildungsroman progression from delusion to social sense is a universal value in both(prenominal) texts despite their differing contexts. Emma is introduced as handsome, clever, and rich who had a trend to think a little too well of hers elf. Austens satirical tone as the wise narrator alerts the responder to Emmas inability to understand her berth in society. Furthermore, while Emma successfully matches Mr. Weston and Ms.Taylor, her motives are superficial as she sees it as the greatest amusement in the world She also believes Harriets knockout should not be wasted on the inferior society, and it would be interesting and highly change state to improve her. Austen employs verbal caustic remark through Emmas dialogue, which exposes her flaws of arrogance and shallowness. However, Emma eventually develops self awareness as shown when she realizes her mis get hold of of matching Harriet with Mr. Elton and influencing her to refuse a suitable marriage with Mr. Martin. There is a similar character development in Cher despite the difference in context.Heckerling implements voice overs to create an immediate sense of irony when Chers way normal life for a teenage girl is juxtaposed with a dolly-tracking opalescent of her choosing outfits from a computer operated wardrobe in a grand bedroom. In doing so, Heckerling continues Austens satirical elbow room by highlighting Chers lack of social awareness. This is further reinforced through her dialogue, I defecate directiontowards the mall and Dionnes statement, Chers main thrill in life is a make-overit gives her a sense of control in a world full of chaos, which imply her superficial fixing with image and materialistic values.Chers final ability to see beyond the superficial and realize her mistakes I was just totally clueless is parallel to Emmas reconciliation to society and its values. Similar to Austen, Heckerling reflects values that are consistent with any age and time- the absolute necessity for young people to gain social awareness. kindly hierarchy in Regency England was permanent and immobile. It was governed by strict rules of adherence to rank and place, and was determined by patrimony and inheritance. Miss.Churchill and master k ey Westons marriage challenged the social hierarchy due to a large social imbalance in their marriage, and through authorial intrusion, it was deemed an unsuitable connection and did not produce much happiness. Austen demonstrates the virtually retentive social structure through her criticism of the Coles and that it was not for them to arrange the terms on which the superior families would witness them, indicating that money gained through trade and not birthright, doesnt indicate status.Emmas high modality and supercilious tone employed when she claims the yeomanry are precisely the order of people with whom I feel I can guard nothing to do further highlights the inflexibility on class interactions. Finally, Harriets marriage to Mr. Martin, a farmer, results in the loss of friendship between Emma and Harriet as stated by Austens authorial intrusion, the link between her and Emma must sink. This epitomizes the clear demarcation of status and that Emma shouldnt associate wit h Harriet due to their differing social status. Chers world also has a class structure that underpins her society.This idea is explored through the camera panning out to take long shots of the rigid societal tiers, whilst Cher introduces Tai to the stratified social groups at school including the Persia mafia, the work party and the loadies. Eltons indignant tone conveys class consciousness in his rhetorical questions towards Cher as she suggests Tai as a romantic partner, Why Tai? Do you know who my father is? Later, Cher is abandoned in a carpark by Elton, and the far shot of a blinking neon sign of a clown symbolizes societys mockery of her attempt to undermine a defined system of class.Clearly, class consciousness pervades both societies, especially in selecting romantic partners. Regency England dictated the position of women in society by strict codes of conduct. Primarily, women of Emmas class were constrained by societys expectations of a match within their social class. C aptain Westons marriage to Miss. Churchill is juxtaposed to Miss. Taylors, thus allowing Austen to comment on the female and male positions in society, in that women are meant to be passive and have less say in their marriage. According to Mr.Westons idea, its being a great deal better to chuse than to be chosen, to excite gratitude than to feel it, hence demonstrating the trope moral standard prevalent in society. Furthermore, Emmas sister, Isabella, is married to John Weston, and through authorial intrusion, Austen comments that Isabella unceasingly thinks as he does demonstrating a womens duty as a wife. The use of dialogue in Mr. Knightleys warning to Emma, Men of family would not be very fond of connecting themselves with a girl of such(prenominal) obscurityHarriet, exemplifies societys expectation of women to interact within their own social class.On the other hand, Clueless doesnt offer the restricted patriarchal world of Austen as young women could be independent, outspoke n and have many more choices, including marriage. The focus of the medium shot on Cher as she struts down the schoolyard in her spirited yellow costuming portrays her outgoing attitude. The eye contact of male passerbys creates vectors and the comment As if highlight Chers fight off at their attention, exemplifying womens freedom to choose their romantic partners. This idea is reinforced by Chers comment on Dionnes relationship, Dee, you could do so much better. Contrary to Austen, Heckerling recognizes the change in the position of women in society in that they have more freedom in their social behavior and relationships. In conclusion, Emma and Clueless offer profound and satirical insights into their respective contexts. While the bring for social stability and the need for young people to gain social awareness, remain unchanged, but the position of women in society has shifted dramatically. such(prenominal) ideas are reinforced by the different mediums, both of which effecti vely reflect the themes and values of that context.

Pain Clinical Observation Paper

Alyssa Martin Fall 2012 Observation Experience Summary bother Clinic The mission and screen background of the setting is to provide diagnosis and manipulation of acute, chronic and cancer pain. Patients present to the pain clinic for relievo and treatment for a variety show of painful medical ailments which do not typically respond to conventional therapy ( discommode management center, 2012). Those in charge at the pain clinic argon the two board-certified pain management physicians, Dr. Dwarakanath and Dr.Henkle. on that point is also a team of nurses, physical therapists, and other professionals specially trained in a variety of techniques to manage pain. There are a outcome of techniques the pain clinic is able to perform, but there are two modus operandis that were the most widely used the first being an Epidural Steroid Injection. This procedure is the number one pain management technique used in the clinic. It is specifically for radiating pain that is in the back/leg area or neck/arm area.The procedure essentially includes corticosteroids being injected into the epidural anaesthesia space in the spine and decreases the inflammation and swelling in the nerves that are irritated, causing relief. Pre-procedure instruct mainly includes explanation of the sensations forbearing will feel, which include a small pin stick as local anesthetic is used. In addition, they are instructed to have a light meal before climax in, but if they are requesting to receive IV sedation, they are instructed to not eat at all 6 hours prior to the procedure (Pain management center, 2012).If they are diabetic or on blood thinners, it is crucial to know so that special considerations need to be made for that patient role. The patient is also told that the procedure is performed with subaltern discomfort and only takes about 5 to 10 minutes. After the injection, the patient may feel excitement or numbness in their legs or arms for about an hour due to the anesthetic. Because of this reason, patients are ascertained while they recover and are then sent home with a friend or family member, since they are advised not to drive due to possible residual weakness for a few hours.Post-procedure article of faith includes information regarding the first few days after injection, where it is usual to feel increased back pain or discomfort from the needle being inserted. A second common procedure done is the facet Joint Injection, which is usually done for non-radiating pain. This technique also reduces the inflammation or swelling of the tissue in the joint space (Pain management center, 2012). Pre-procedure teaching includes a lot of the same things as an ESI the procedure only takes a few minutes, local anesthetic is given, and the steroid medication is injected.Post-procedure teaching involves letting the patient knows that they should not drive upon discharge and will feel the same increase of pain before relief as seen in ESI. They will be able to r eturn to work and other normal routine activities the next day. Potential complications of these procedures mainly include incorrect placement of the needle by the doctor. Because it is a pastel and difficult task to position the needle in an exact position, some metres the physician accidently pinches a patients nerve and they feel a sudden rush of radiating pain in legs or arms, depending on where the needle is inserted.Additionally, sterile technique is extremely important during these procedures because the needles are entering directly into patients spines and joints, so potential infection in these areas could prove to be highly detrimental and dangerous. Overall, the experience in the Pain Clinic was an informative one. It was interesting to see the procedures done first-hand because it was done extremely quickly but is something that needs so much precision and expertise.The physicians made the techniques look easy, but not once did they falter with mandatory legalities s uch as the time-out, where everyone in the procedure room stops and verifies the patient, procedure, etc. that is to be performed. The staff nurses seemed in good spirits and verbalized enjoyment and passion for their roles, and that is what I found most valuable this time around. References Bare, B. , Cheever, K. , Hinkle, J. , & Smeltzer, S. (2010). Textbook of medical surgical nursing . (12th ed. ). Philadelphia, PA Lippincott Williams &Wilkins. Pain management center. (2012). Retrieved from

America “roar” for in the 1920’s Essay

In the States, the 1920s were considered to be a skag time for completely(a) the Statesns. However, it seems to be that this roar was an illusion for some the Statesns. This time was k directn as the Statess age of excess. In 1921, the gross national product was $74 billion, by 1229, it was $104.4 billion, scarcely how re ally much of this was impact all the Statesns. Within this essay, I will be looking at different actions, which abnormal different people in different meanss. For example composition the bravely got adequateer, the poor make very little headway, with umpteen families becoming poorer in the 1920s. By the end of the 1920s the number of people accompani manpowert below the indigence line (those who do non earn enough to buy food, c fortunehing and staple shelter) had increased to an estimated 42 percent of the American population.M whatsoever people through proscribed America suasion inebriant was harmful and dangerous and welcomed the entering of restraint. In 1919, after the egressset orbit War, they got what they wanted. Congress (the American parlia ment) passed the eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The 18th Amendment statedafter ace year the bring into being, sale of, transporting ofintoxicating liquors for beverage purpose, the importation andexporting of such liquors is presendby prohibited.The Volstead Act, which was passed the same year, gave the federal g everywherenments the power to enforce prohibition, and then backed the 18th Amendment and from the 16th January 1920, the USA went Dry. The people who opposed inebriant argued that it caused social problems such as violence, crime, poverty and sexual promiscuity. They believed that when it was banned, then America would be a better, healthier and a much object lesson address to make it. thither were many organisations, which led campaigns against alcohol. They included The Anti-Saloon League of America and The Womens Christian Temperance Union. at that placefore, with the substructure of prohibition they had got their way. In some individual states, prohibition laws were already being enforced. There were thirteen whole Dry states by 1919, and many other states had introduced some kind of control on the sale and manu positionureof alcohol. After the First World War, because many of Americas brewers were of German descent on that point was a lot of anti-German feeling and campaigners were able to argue that it would be patriotic to c bear the brewers d feature.Therefore, a decline in the amount of alcohol being give rised appeared. Prohibition wasnt something that happened overnight, on that point had been a gradually build up to it. Even though prohibition seemed like a near(a) idea in theory, it had almost the study opposite effect from what it intended. Instead of reducing the crime rate, it managed to increase it, and so far much people were swallow alcohol. Prohibition forced the global humanity to act i llegally to get the much-wanted alcohol. This illegal alcohol was expensive, the rich were able to discombobulate it delivered to there homes, scarcely most people by the end of the 1920s were devising alcohol at home in illegal all the sames and was k instantly as moonshine. The homemade alcohol was often dangerous and could cause blindness, serious illness or even up death. just about alcohol was shut up being produced legally for industrial processes (within hospitals etc), and even though the government added poison deliberately to this alcohol, much of it went missing. The stolen alcohol was resold for drinking purposes, and as a result, the rate of alcohol poisoning rose from 98 in 1920 to 760 in 1926.Smugglers or Bootleggers as they were often known, brought illegal alcohol supplies into cities. They often smuggled rum from the West Indies and whisky often crossed the river from Canada to Detroit. It presently became big vocation and a lot of gold could be made from it bootleggers organised themselves into gangs to transport the alcohol and these gangs soon became rich and powerful. The profits were so great that people would endangerment imprisonment. Now that there was alcohol entering the country, Americans wanted somewhere where they were able to drink and socialize at the same time, so illegal drinking saloons called speakeasies started to appear. Before prohibition there had been 15,000 legal saloons in revolutionary York, by 1932 there were around 32,000 speakeasies in the city. Bootleggers or gangsters often ran these speakeasies.The biggest affect that prohibition had on American society was the increase in organised crime. When the demand for illegal alcohol became apparent,gangsters saw a way to make a lot of specie. Every city has its own gangsters. Dutch Schultz ran brisk York, Chester La mare ruled Detroit and Dion OBanion controlled Chicago. Dion OBanion sang in the choir of the Holy Name Cathedral and the home office for his gang was his flower shop, simply O Banion still murdered at least 25 people. the likes of many gangsters, he became very rich through bootlegging liquor. He controlled most of the bootlegging business in South Chicago while another gangster John Torrio controlled the whole liquor mete out in North Chicago. Rival gangs fought with separately other for the rights to supply speakeasies with alcohol.This rivalry often caused huge confrontations among the gangs, many gang members were killed and alcohol supplies hijacked during these confrontations. Unfortunately it wasnt only gang members who got hurt, if you were associated with gang members, a maven or sibling for example, then youre life was often in danger. Hundreds of innocent people lose their lives because they managed to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. In Chicago al 1, there were 227 gang murders between 1927 and 1931, which no one was ever convicted for.Gangsters were able to take control of cities by bribing local anaesthetic policemen, judges and politicians. This meant that gangsters could operate with little business organization of arrest. The most notorious city that was ruled by gangsters was Chicago, where the mayor Big visor Thompson was known to be a close associate of Torrio and his new partner, who would become one of the best-known gangsters of all time, Al Capone. Torrio and Capone had gained control over him by offering huge bribes. Consequently, Big Bill did not interfere with the gangs activities and he sacked any city officials who caused problems for Torrio. In addition, many of the badly stipendiary police force were also willing to accept bribes to keep out of their business.The aim of prohibition was to kibosh things like violence, crime, poverty and sexual promiscuity which people said alcohol caused. , But instead of filet these things, it increased them. There was a rise in organised crime and violence related to it. With the introduction of prohibition or ganisations like The Anti-Saloon League of America and The Womens Christian Temperance Union, who opposed to alcohol got what they wanted. Inaddition, the prohibition era roared for bootleggers and gangsters, who were do a huge fortune on supplying the alcohol to the planetary public. The prohibition era did not roar for the general public, they were forced into breaking the law, meaning they face up the fear of arrest and they also had to honorarium extortionate prices for the illegal alcohol.The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was notorious for stirring up hatred and outrage against anyone who did not fit their ideals. After the American civil war, in the mid-19th century, a terrorist organisation was started in the grey states, to try to maintain white supremacy over the newly forfeitd inkiness slaves. The Klan did it best to terrorise sullens who tried to take part in local politics. There name comes from the Greek word Kuklos meaning circle. The members of the theme wore white rob es and pointed hoods to conceal their identities. In time, the Klan died out, until 1915 when William Simmons started up the Klan again. He added a new controversy of target for the Klans hatred, as well as slows Jews, Catholics, homosexuals, outside(prenominal)ers and anyone of liberal regards. By 1925 the Klan had 5 million members, and its were members were not full in the southern states, plainly those outside the southern states were more anti-catholic then anti- gloomy.One American magazine, the New York World wrote a report on the Klans activities, it install out there had been 5 kidnappings, 43 orders for Negroes to leave town, 27 tar and featherings, 41 floggings, 1 branding with acid, 1 mutilation and 4 murders. In many ways, the beliefs of the Klan were like those of the Nazis in Germany and the fascists in Italy. By the end of the 1920s the Klans membership had gone into decline, its report was undermined by a number of scandals. This included the conviction of D.C Stephenson, the Klan leader of the state of Indiana he was convicted for the abduction, bollocks and multination of a girl who later killed herself. His actions stunned America, it shocked most Klansmen and millions left the Klan because of it. The Klans influence promptly died and soon the movement collapsed, scarce did not die out altogether there are still some Americans who belong to the Ku Klux Klan.During the Klans era, it is easy to see who it didnt roar for, anyone who was on the Klans list of targets. This meant Jews, Catholics, homosexuals,foreigners, anyone of liberal views and of course black people. This era roared for people concern in the Klan, they were part of a ordination and were reigning supreme over those on their hate list.The biggest concentration of black people was in the southern states they were either labourers or sharecroppers (they paid a share of their crops to landowners). Three quarters of a million black farm cropers lost their jobs during the 1920s, due to dry land belief. Many made the journey northwards to find work in the bigger cities. By the end of the 1920s 25 percent of black people were animateness in cities. There were great opportunities for blacks in the cities, just now they were still faced with discrimination and were forced to live in great poverty. In Harlem in New York, blacks lived in poorer housing, but paid a high rent. In Chicago, blacks suffered great prejudice from longer-established white residents if blacks attempted to move away from the black belt to abutting neighbourhoods, they got a very hostile reception. They also got a similar reception from the poor white residents. In Chicago again, if blacks attempted to use playgrounds, parks and beaches in the Irish or Polish districts they would be ensnare upon by gangs of whites who referred to them selves athletic clubs.This resulted in the black communities in the northern cities were in ghetto subject fields, where one racial conve ntion was concentrated and others were excluded. Sixty percent of black women worked as low paid domestic servants in white-households. machine factories filld blacks in small numbers but most owners operated an all white policy. Also through out the 1920s the black Americans had the Ku Klux Klan after them. Through out the 1920s there is suddenly an engagement in a lot of black culture. The popularity of Jazz music had turned many black Americans into media figure, and soon the drab neighbourhood in Harlem, New York because a centre of musical creativity. On performer, Paul Robeson managed to iron out back against the prejudice to become one of Americas most celebrated performers. The 1920s give way been called the Jazz age due to the fact that black music, whether it was jazz, soul or blues, was dominate over all other music at the time.This music had arrived in the northern cites at the time of the great black migration from the southern states. It had a huge effect on the young, but older people saw it as a corrupting force linked to sexualexcess. The music fed into popular music, dance halls and face musicals. Magazines like the Messenger, the Crusader and Challenge put forward a black viewpoint on America at the time. Through the form of books and poems, there was also a rise in black pride. Black poets like Lansten brown and Sterling Brown helped to raise the profile of black writers. Some blacks started to stand up to the prejudice, and doing their own thing. Marcus Gavery was the founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association in New York, which spread, to most study American cities. They encouraged blacks to take pride in who they were. It also helped blacks to set up their own businesses and by the mid 1920s there were UNIA restaurants, grocery stores, laundries and even a printing workshop.The 1920s were not a roaring time for all black Americans, some, like those tough in the music scene did touch some blacks recognition and this meant they were able to earn a little more. But it didnt matter what they did, black Americans through out America suffered from prejudice and discrimination, if jobs had to be cut then blacks would lose theirs start, they were forced to live in poorer conditions etc. Overall the 1920s were not a roaring era for black Americans, but this was not a new thing and had been going on for years ahead 1920s and would for rather a few years afterwards.The 1920s were known as Americas Jazz time, which during this time the mass entertainment constancy flourished. Music, cinema and sport gained popularity during this time.The film industry had begun in front the First World War, but its popularity soared during the 1920s. Audience numbers more then doubled during this time and by 1929 it was estimated that or so 95 million Americans were going to the cinema per week. Hollywood in California became the centre of the film industry. It was here that great celluloid companies like MGM, War ner Brothers and Paramount had their studios and produced the films, which were captivating the American public. These companies were making huge amounts of money as the popularity of going to the cinema increased. From the 1920s thousands of wannabe film stars were pouring into Hollywood in hopes ofgetting into the characterization business. The first early films were silent cinemas and people like Gloria Swanson, Clara Bow, Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, Rudolph Valentino and Mary Pickford became stars of the silent screen. As the films were silent, cinemas would hire piano players to play the background music during the film. Then in 1928 the first talkies were made and film was no longer silent.This introduction was cheeseparing for the word-painting companies as more people were going to see their movie, but not for all silent movie actors. Many of the actors who stared in silent movie may be possessed of looked correct but a lot of them had terrible voices or, so with t he introduction of talkies they were losing their jobs. The American movie industry was going strong and would only start to decline with the introduction of television after the Second World War. Not everybody approved of cinema many people were worried by the relate of the movies especially on the moral philosophy of young people. Many older Americans were horrified by the much freer sex of the 1920s and the movie industries blatant use of sex symbols like Rudolph Valentino and Clara Bow. These older Americans were shocked by the seeming lack of morals in Hollywood films and in private lives of some of the movie stars. Many people in the movie industry feared that the many Hollywood scandals would be the end on the motion-picture industry.Scandals like the mysterious death of a young girl at a party given by Fatty Arbuckle (a famous laughable film star). This lead to a call for censorship, but Hollywood got in first by screen background up the Hays code which specified that no film shall be produced which will lower the moral standards of those who see it. Hence the sympathy of the audience shall never be thrown to the side of crime, wrong-doing, evil or sin. Nudity was also not allowed and the length of kisses was restricted to no longer then ten feet of film. Therefore, each kiss scene had to be shot twice, once for the American audience and one to be sent over for the European audiences. Even the poor were able to join the movie craze. In Chicago, there were hundreds of cinemas showing four performances a day. The working people spent more then half their leisure work out on going to the cinema, even those who were so poor they were getting Mothers Aid Assistance went often. It only speak to 10-20 cents for a ticket.The undertakening of the 1920s roared for movie companies like MGM, WarnerBrothers and Paramount who were making huge sums of money from the movie craze. Up to 1928 silent film star were making a lot of money, but after the first talki e was made many lost their jobs because even though they had unsloped looks they did not have solid voices need for these new films. Also going to the cinema was accessible to near everybody, even the poor, because it was so cheap. There was some emulation from older people who felt that there would be a negative impact on the morals of young people.The 1920s were an era of great alteration for women. During the First World War, millions of women had interpreted over jobs that previously, had been exclusively for men, proving that they could do any job just as well as a man and the money they earned gave them new independence. After the war, during the 1920s, even more women started to work. With this new financial independence, which had been noncitizen in the past, meant that they no longer had to live at home or rely on men to supply them with money for the things they wanted and necessary. By the end of the 1920s 10 million American women were in paid employment, a 25% in crease on 1920. Even women who did not earn their own money were increasingly seen as the ones who made the decisions about whether to buy new items for the home. There is evidence that womens constituent in choosing cars triggers the change in Fords only black policy, and made other colours widely available. Also in 1920, women were given the vote this gave them more political power. Many of the social habits and restrictions had changed since from before the First World War.For example, clothes had changed the tight waisted, ankle-length, voluminous dresses of pre-war days had been replaced with waist less, knee length, lightweight dresses. They gave great freedom of movement as well as being more daring. Hair, which in pre-war years would have been expected to be kept long was cut short in a new bobbed look, and this style became of liberation among women. Make up became popular and sales of it boomed. As well as womens material appearance, other habits changed as well. Wome n drove cars and smoked in public, which before the war had been frowned upon. They went out without a escort and as contraception became generally available, they became less dependant on men and could make their own decisions on how to live. The divorce rate rose as women became more liberated they were less likely to stay in unhappy marriages now. In 1914, there were 100,000divorces, while in 1929 there were twice as more. Many diaphragm class women had more free time due to many new domestic labour-saving products like pointlessness cleaners and washing machines. If they had a car (as many did at this time), then they no longer had to be spring at home. They were able to go out and do what they wanted.Flapper was a name given to a liberated urban woman. Few women would have identified themselves as flappers. Flappers represented an ingrained example of the changes affecting women. Flappers could be identified by their short skirts, bobbed hair, powdered knees, bright clothe s and lots of make-up. Not all people approved of these changes. close women were not flappers, they were too busy working and raising families to go out partying. Most of these changes had a greater impact on city life then it did for those who lived in the country, where traditional values of decency and respectability still acted as a powerful restraint on how people behaved. honest-to-god people found these changes improper and threatening, they felt that things should be kept the same and had no desire for change. Most of the time the biggest opposition to these changes was from men, who did not like the fact that they were losing control, there were not as dominant now, women were victorious control of their own lives and were less reliable on men.Some men, mostly young men found these changes exciting and appealing and thought the changes were good. A lot was changing for these young middle-class urban women especially, but in some case, there was not complete change. In w ork, women were paid less then men even thought they did the same job. The reason womens employment rose was because they were cheaper then male employees. In politics, women may have been given more political freedom, but they were no way equal to men. political parties wanted the womens vote but did not want women as political candidates as they considered them unelectable. There were only a handful of women elected by 1929, although many, such as Eleanor Roosevelt, had a high public standing.There was a lot of change for women in the 1920s, but the change did not affect all American women. Women who lived in rural area were hardly affected by the changes, whilst middle-class women hold in the urban areas felt the changes most. Some women bought these changes to an extreme (flappers) whilst most felt the changes in subtle ways, like the right tovote and not being bound at home, having the freedom to travel away from home. There was opposition from older people and many men. In th e 1920s women were still not completely equal to men, but it was the start and the 1920s were quite a roaring time for most American women. raiseing slumped during the 1920s, this was because as European farming recovered after the First World War, Europe no longer needed as much American meat and grain. American farmers also had to compete with farmers from Argentina and Canada. Farm income dropped from $22 billion to $13 billion in 1928. 30 million people earned a living through farming and half of Americans lived in rural areas. New machinery had made American farming more efficient then any other in the serviceman, but it was producing too much, more than Americans needed. During WW1 America had shipped millions of dozens of grain to Europe it had become the main market for American farm exports. However, European countries were so break away after the war that many could not afford to buy American farm produce any more. To make matters worse America turned to a state of iso lation, this meant that the tariff barriers were put up, so that it would be expensive for anybody who wanted to share their produce in America, but America could still sell their produce to them reasonably.When the other countries realised what was happening they raised their tariff barriers, making it too expensive for America to sell their produce their, meaning farms were over-producing. America was up against strong competition from Canadian farmers who were supply grain to the world market the price of grain dropped and many small farmers went broke. More then three million farming families were earning less then $1000 a year. As there income dropped, it became harder for farmers to pay their mortgage payments some were evicted while others had to sell their land to clear debts. Between 1920 and 1930, the number of farms in America dropped for the first time ever. Farm labourers found themselves out of work, especially as mechanisation meant that fewer were needed for the run ning of farms. Many went as migrant workers to California, and others went to industrial cities, but those who remained often barely scraped a living.It wasnt just the fact that America had isolated itself from the rest of the worlds, which made the price of grain drop it was also the t introduction of prohibition meaning farmers were producing more grain then was needed. The 1920s werenot bad for all farmers, big motored farms did well, as did the Midwestern grain growers and the California and Florida fruit growers who made a good living by shipping there produce in large quantities. Those farmers who grew luxury produce suffered less as well. The rich Americans wanted fresh fruit and vegetables through out the year, so shipments of lettuce to the cities, for example, rose from 14,000 crates in 1920 to 52,000 in 1928. Americas black population was hit badly three quarters of a million black farm workers lost their jobs during the 1920s. Black people would be the first people to l ose their jobs, so intimately all black Americans who worked on farms, lost their jobs.Overall, the 1920s were not a roaring time for those peoples involved in the farming industry, expect for a select few. People who owned large mechanised farms did well, as did fruit farmers. This time was especially ruff for the unskilled labourers, who most of the time they were black, who were fired first. It was very tricky for them to get jobs anywhere else. This era was also especially ruff on the farming families, who had farmed the land for generations, and they now had to sell it off to pay their debts.During the 1920s America isolated itself from the rest of the world, mostly due to the fact that many American people blamed the rest of the world for dragging them into a war, which resulted in American deaths. They wanted to forget about the war and wanted to return to the policy of isolation it had maintained before the war. Woodrow Wilson had wanted to set up strong international rela tions but joining the League of Nations (his own idea), but many American politicians were strongly against the Versailles Treaty. Under the constitution, the Senate has to agree to all treaties with foreign countries, so in March 1920 the senate rejected the Versailles Treaty.After this, there was a Republican landslide and they took control of the House of Representatives and the Senate, and America returned to a policy of isolation. During the 1920s, Americas relations with European countries were bad. Wilson had a policy of encouraging free trade, but during the 1920s this was reversed. In 1922, the Fordney-McCumber Tariff act placed high tariffs on all foreign goods being sold in the United States. This meant that foreign good were very expensive and American good were cheap.This meant that other countries found it very hard to sell in America, so in retaliation European countries placed tariffs on American goods. This now meant that American farms were over-producing with no o ne buying the goods overseas.The beginning of the isolation of America in the 1920 was good for farmers because more of their produce was being sold at home and abroad, but after the other countries realised what was going on and raised their own tariff barriers, the farmers suffered because they were overproducing.During the 1920s there was a consumer boom, which was encouraged by the easily available recognize system. It meant that people could buy goods like cars, fridges etc, even thought they did not have enough money to pay for the goods on the spot. Firms and companies arranged for the customers to pay by instalments or hire get. Hire purchase was pioneered by Henry Ford and the car companies in America at the time, hire purchase enabled the customer to buy the goods they wanted with a small deposit and pay the rest off in weekly or monthly supplements. It was a good scheme to begin with, people who didnt have a lot of money could afford to have luxuries they would not usu ally have had the chance to have.Unfortunately, soon nearly everybody had a car or a fridge and didnt need another one, but the factories were still producing large numbers of goods, this coupled with the European tariffs on American goods, the factories were now over-producing. Then in 1929, the worst possible thing happened, Wall Street come downed. Many businesses went rend due to this and people were not able to pay there weekly or monthly supplements on their good, meaning the companies were not getting any money. The Wall Street Crash was the start of the great depression in America, during this time, people could not afford these goods anymore and most were taken back.At the beginning of mass-production, conviction and hire purchase roared for the general public and the businesses. The business had found a way to churn out a lot of good and were now getting a mantrap income of people paying on credit. The general public were able to purchase luxury good even if they didnt have the money too. It roared until the consumer market becamesaturated, people didnt need to buy any more good. When Wall Street crash this made it worse because not only were the general public not buying anymore good but now they couldnt afford to pay off the credit and most companies were going bankrupt. So in the 1920s it roared for businesses and the general public using credit and hire purchase at the beginning, but not at the end.The 1920s did not roar for all Americans, for some the 1920s were a roaring time and for others it was not. The prohibition era did not roar for the general public, they were forced into breaking the law, meaning they faced the fear of arrest and they also had to pay extortionate prices for the illegal alcohol. In addition, the aim of prohibition was to close off things like violence, crime, poverty and sexual promiscuity which people said alcohol caused. , But instead of tenia these things, it increased them. There is a rise in organised crime a nd violence related to it, this be the general public. For gangsters, bootleggers and people involved in the illegal liquor trade the prohibition era was a roaring time, they were making a huge fortune on supplying the illegal alcohol to the general public. With the reintroduction of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), the 1920s were not a roaring time for anybody on their target list, for example black people. For anybody who concord to what the KKK was about then they had no worries, they had a group to belong to and they were able to reign supreme over those who were on their target list.The 1920s were not a roaring time for all black Americans. Some who were involved in the music scene did give some blacks recognition and this meant they were able to earn a little more. However, it didnt matter what they did, black Americans through out America suffered from prejudice and discrimination. The 1920s were not a roaring era for black Americans. The beginning of the 1920s roared for movie comp anies like MGM, Warner Brothers and Paramount who were making huge sums of money from the movie craze. Up to 1928 silent film star were making a lot of money, but after the first talkie was made many lost their jobs because even though they had good looks they did not have good voices need for these new films. Also going to the cinema was accessible to nearly everybody, even the poor, because it was so cheap. There was some opposition from older people who felt that therewould be a negative impact on the morals of young people. There was a lot of change for women in the 1920s, but the change did not affect all American women.Women who lived in rural area were hardly affected by the changes, whilst middle-class women living in the urban areas felt the changes most. Some women bought these changes to an extreme (flappers) whilst most felt the changes in subtle ways, like the right to vote and not being bound at home, having the freedom to travel away from home. There was opposition fr om older people and many men. In the 1920s women were still not completely equal to men, but it was the start and the 1920s were quite a roaring time for most American women. The 1920s were not a roaring time for those peoples involved in the farming industry, expect for a select few. People who owned large mechanised farms did well, as did fruit farmers. This time was especially ruff for the unskilled labourers, who most of the time they were black, who were fired first. It was very challenging for them to get jobs anywhere else. This era was also especially ruff on the farming families, who had farmed the land for generations, and they now had to sell it off to pay their debts. America readopted its policy of isolation, this included raising the Tariffs on good entering the country.In retaliation, European countries placed tariffs on American goods. This now meant that American farms were over-producing with no one buying the goods overseas. At the beginning of mass-production, c redit and hire purchase, it roared for the general public and the businesses. The business had found a way to churn out a lot of good and were now getting a steady income of people paying on credit. The general public were able to purchase luxury good even if they didnt have the money too. It roared until the consumer market became saturated, people didnt need to buy any more good.When Wall Street crash this made it worse because not only were the general public not buying anymore good but now they couldnt afford to pay off the credit and most companies were going bankrupt. Therefore, in the 1920s it roared for businesses and the general public using credit and hire purchase at the beginning, but not at the end. As you can see the 1920 roared for some people and didnt for others. America, to the rest of the world gave the impression that everything was wonderful and everybody was happy, and for some people this was true, but for most it wasnt and that view was in fact a mask to hide the bad things which were going on.